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18 Due from customers

The composition of Due from customers is as follows:

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General (incl.

  

 

Banking

Insurance

eliminations)

Total

31 December 2007

 

 

 

 

Government and official institutions

5,343

436

1

5,780

Residential mortgage

95,445

3,931

 

99,376

Consumer loans

9,774

13

 

9,787

Commercial loans

138,696

1,870

(2,565)

138,001

Reverse repurchase agreements

28,186

 

(423)

27,763

Securities borrowing transactions

24,279

 

(2,819)

21,460

Policyholder loans

 

142

 

142

Financial lease receivables

11,969

68

 

12,037

Factoring

1,914

 

 

1,914

Other loans

1,600

404

(11)

1,993

Loans available for sale

212

 

 

212

Held at fair value through profit or loss

1,300

 

 

1,300

Fair value adjustment from hedge accounting

(1,415)

 

 

(1,415)

Total

317,303

6,864

(5,817)

318,350

Less impairments:

 

 

 

 

- specific credit risk

(1,778)

(37)

 

(1,815)

- incurred but not reported (IBNR)

(224)

(3)

 

(227)

Due from customers

315,301

6,824

(5,817)

316,308

 

 

 

 

 

31 December 2006

 

 

 

 

Government and official institutions

5,313

463

 

5,776

Residential mortgage

89,322

4,228

 

93,550

Consumer loans

10,226

172

 

10,398

Commercial loans

110,650

1,760

(931)

111,479

Reverse repurchase agreements

37,649

 

(1,852)

35,797

Securities borrowing transactions

22,091

 

(3,736)

18,355

Policyholder loans

 

116

 

116

Financial lease receivables

10,000

70

 

10,070

Factoring

1,532

 

 

1,532

Other loans

548

421

(60)

909

Loans available for sale

28

 

 

28

Held at fair value through profit or loss

1,358

 

 

1,358

Fair value adjustment from hedge accounting

(639)

 

 

(639)

Total

288,078

7,230

(6,579)

288,729

Less impairments:

 

 

 

 

- specific credit risk

(1,876)

(69)

 

(1,945)

- incurred but not reported (IBNR)

(325)

 

 

(325)

Due from customers

285,877

7,161

(6,579)

286,459

 

 

 

 

 

31 December 2005

 

 

 

 

Government and official institutions

7,781

573

1

8,355

Residential mortgage

80,098

4,463

 

84,561

Consumer loans

9,431

387

 

9,818

Commercial loans

93,646

1,662

(1,042)

94,266

Reverse repurchase agreements

61,074

 

(1,417)

59,657

Securities borrowing transactions

17,307

1

(2,200)

15,108

Policyholder loans

 

119

 

119

Financial lease receivables

7,825

71

 

7,896

Factoring

1,181

 

 

1,181

Other loans

530

441

(77)

894

Loans available for sale

56

 

 

56

Held at fair value through profit or loss

1,139

 

 

1,139

Fair value adjustment from hedge accounting

165

 

 

165

Total

280,233

7,717

(4,735)

283,215

Less impairments:

 

 

 

 

- specific credit risk

(2,064)

(85)

 

(2,149)

- incurred but not reported (IBNR)

(307)

 

 

(307)

Due from customers

277,862

7,632

(4,735)

280,759

In 2007 the average amount of Due from customers was EUR 312,381 million (2006: EUR 292,009 million; 2005: EUR 245,392 million). The average yield in 2007 was 5.5 % (2006: 5.4%; 2005: 5.5%).

Loans designated as available for sale are loans purchased in the secondary markets that will subsequently be securitised and sold.

In the Merchant & Private Banking segment, Fortis has designated some financial assets which are part of Due from customers at fair value through profit or loss. Selected inflation rate-linked credit contracts with governmental counterparties are designated at fair value through profit or loss, reducing a potential accounting mismatch between the measurement of the interest rate swaps and other derivatives involved and the credits previously measured at amortised cost.

Some other structured loans and contracts, including derivatives, are also designated as Held at fair value through profit or loss, reducing a potential accounting mismatch. The amortised cost of Assets held at fair value through profit or loss at 31 December 2007 was EUR 1,309 million (2006: EUR 1,328 million; 2005: EUR 1,057 million).

Fortis hedges interest rate exposure of fixed-rate mortgages on a portfolio basis (macro hedging) by using interest rate swaps.

As a result of the hedge, the volatility of changes in the hedged item’s net present value (NPV) of future cash flows, due to changes in the appropriate benchmark interest rate curve, will be reduced by offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedging derivative financial instrument.

Hedged mortgages are prepayable fixed-rate mortgages with the following features:

  • denominated in local currency (euro)
  • fixed term to maturity or repricing
  • prepayable amortising or fixed principal amounts
  • fixed interest payment dates
  • no interest rate options or embedded derivatives
  • accounted for on an amortised cost basis.

Mortgages with these features form a portfolio from which the hedged item is designated (fair value hedge accounting for a portfolio hedge of interest rate risk or ‘macro hedge’). More than one group (or portfolio) of mortgages can be identified as the hedged item within the fixed rate mortgage portfolio. Mortgages included in a portfolio hedge of interest rate risk need to share the risk characteristics being hedged.

When notional swap cash flows exceed 95% of expected mortgage cash flows in any given month, the expected monthly mortgage cash flows on either side of the swap cash flow are designated as hedged items until all notional swap cash flows are matched. Mortgage cash flows are allocated to monthly time buckets based on expected repricing dates. Fortis estimates repricing dates using a prepayment rate applied to the contractual cash flows and repricing dates of the mortgage portfolio.

The hedging instruments are ‘plain vanilla’ interest rate swaps entered into with external counterparties at market rates prevailing at the time of the transaction.

Changes in the fair value of mortgages which are attributable to the hedged interest rate risk are recorded under Fair value adjustment from hedge accounting in order to adjust the carrying amount of the loan. The difference between the fair value and the carrying value of the hedged mortgages at designation of the hedging is amortised over the remaining life of the hedged item and is also reported in Fair value adjustment from hedge accounting.

Financial lease receivables

Receivables related to financial lease agreements as at 31 December are comprised of:

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Present value

 

Minimum lease

of the minimum

 

 

 

payments

lease payments receivable

 

2007

2006

2005

2007

2006

2005

Gross investment in financial leases:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Not later than 3 months

1,407

1,954

1,380

1,275

1,836

1,297

Later than 3 months and not later than 1 year

2,645

2,728

1,769

2,314

2,462

1,559

Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years

7,267

5,528

4,253

6,155

4,791

3,642

Later than 5 years

2,866

1,531

1,723

2,293

981

1,398

Total

14,185

11,741

9,125

12,037

10,070

7,896

Unearned finance income

2,148

1,671

1,229

 

 

 

Proceeds from financial lease agreements recorded in the income statement in 2007 amounted to EUR 656 million (2006: EUR 515 million; 2005: EUR 403 million).

Impairments on Due from customers

The following table shows the changes in impairments on Due from customers.

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2007

 

2006

 

Specific

 

Specific

 

 

credit risk

IBNR

credit risk

IBNR

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as at 1 January

1,945

325

2,149

307

Acquisitions/divestments of subsidiaries

34

4

23

6

Increase in impairments

818

26

712

90

Release of impairments

(550)

(133)

(551)

(73)

Write-offs of uncollectible loans

(321)

 

(333)

 

Foreign exchange differences and other adjustments

(111)

5

(55)

(5)

Balance as at 31 December

1,815

227

1,945

325

The impairments for Specific credit risk and Incurred but not reported (IBNR) are described in more detail in note 7.

The fair value of real estate that has been acquired through foreclosure related to defaulted mortgages and for which the intention is to sell in 2008 was EUR 34 million as at 31 December 2007 (2006: EUR 31 million; 2005: EUR 32 million).

The impairment on financial lease receivables included in the amounts above was nil at 31 December 2007 (2006: EUR 23 million; 2005: EUR 9 million).